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詳細分析Matreya抗體的多樣性
發(fā)布時間： 2020-01-10 點擊次數(shù)： 1159次Matreya抗體是指機體由于抗原的刺激而產(chǎn)生的具有保護作用的蛋白質。它是一種由漿細胞（效應B細胞）分泌，被免疫系統(tǒng)用來鑒別與中和外來物質如細菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白質，僅被發(fā)現(xiàn)存在于脊椎動物的血液等體液中，及其B細胞的細胞膜表面。抗體能識別特定外來物的一個*特征，該外來目標被稱為抗原。Matreya抗體的多樣性：人血清中的抗體多種多樣，B淋巴細胞可產(chǎn)生的抗體種類在108以上，可與眾多不同抗原發(fā)生特異性結合。抗體多樣性的原因主要有兩方面：1、外源性因素環(huán)境中抗原種類甚多，每種大分子抗原又有多種抗原表位，每種抗原表位均可選擇激活體內一個B細胞克隆，產(chǎn)生一種特異性抗體。2、內源性因素抗體多樣性的另一個原因是由基因的結構及功能特征所決定的。編碼人Ig重鏈及κ、λ型輕鏈的基因分別位于第14、2、22號染色體上。其中編碼Ig重鏈的基因包括編碼可變區(qū)的V、D、J及編碼恒定區(qū)的C基因；編碼Ig輕鏈的基因包括編碼可變區(qū)的V、J及編碼恒定區(qū)的C基因。每種基因片段是以多拷貝的形式存在，其中編碼重鏈V區(qū)的VH、DH和JH的基因片段數(shù)分別為50、23和6個；編碼K輕鏈V區(qū)的Vx和JK基因片段數(shù)分別為60和5個，編碼入輕鏈V區(qū)的VX和J入基因片段數(shù)分別為30和7個。這些基因在胚系階段以分隔的形式存在。在B細胞的分化發(fā)育過程中，這些基因片段發(fā)生重排和組合，從而產(chǎn)生數(shù)量巨大、能識別特異性抗原的BCR。每種具有特異性BCR的B細胞克隆可識別相應的抗原，產(chǎn)生一種特異性抗體。Ig基因重組是B細胞合成無數(shù)特異性抗體的主要原因。- 下一篇：DN-1597 chemgenes
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